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Hashcat is a password recovery tool. It had a proprietary code base until 2015, but was then released as open source software. Versions are available for Linux, OS X, and Windows. Examples of hashcat-supported hashing algorithms are LM hashes, MD4, MD5, SHA-family and Unix Crypt formats as well as algorithms used in MySQL and Cisco PIX.

Hashcat has been publicly noticed because of its optimizations; partly based on flaws in other software discovered by the creator of hashcat. An example was a flaw in 1Password's password manager hashing scheme.^[1] It has also been compared to similar software in a Usenix publication^[2] and been described on Ars technica.^[3]

The turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion.The word 'turbofan' is a portmanteau of 'turbine' and 'fan': the turbo portion refers to a gas turbine engine which achieves mechanical energy from combustion, and the fan, a ducted fan that uses the mechanical energy from the gas turbine to accelerate air rearwards. The EPICA core covers eight glacial/interglacial cycles. The NGRIP core from Greenland stretches back more than 100 kyr, with 5 kyr in the Eemian interglacial. Whilst the large-scale signals from the cores are clear, there are problems interpreting the detail, and connecting the isotopic variation to the temperature signal. QNX is an RTOS that supports the i.MX6 CPU. We provide a BSP for the TS-4900 and TS-7970 quad core or solo based on QNX Neutrino 6.6.0. The supporting files are available here: Disk Image: ts7970-qnx-6.6.0-latest.dd.bz2; Quad core source BSPfreescale-imx6q-ts7970-latest.tar.gz; Solo core source BSPfreescale-imx6dl-ts7970-latest.tar.gz.

Variants[edit]

Previously, two variants of hashcat existed:

• hashcat - CPU-based password recovery tool
• oclHashcat/cudaHashcat - GPU-accelerated tool (OpenCL or CUDA)

With the release of hashcat v3.00, the GPU and CPU tools were merged into a single tool called hashcat. The CPU-only version became hashcat-legacy.^[4] Both CPU and GPU now require OpenCL.

Many of the algorithms supported by hashcat-legacy (such as MD5, SHA1, and others) can be cracked in a shorter time with the GPU-based hashcat.^[5] However, not all algorithms can be accelerated by GPUs. Bcrypt is an example of this. Due to factors such as Competitions at DefCon in 2010,^[15] 2012, 2014,^[16] 2015,^[17] and 2018, and at DerbyCon in 2017.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'On hashcat and strong Master Passwords as your best protection'. Passwords. Agile Bits. 16 April 2013.
2. ^Ur, Blase (12 August 2015). 'Measuring Real-World Accuracies and Biases in Modeling Password Guessability'(PDF). Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Security Symposium.
3. ^Goodin, Dan (26 August 2013). ''thereisnofatebutwhatwemake' - Turbo-charged cracking comes to long passwords'. Ars Technica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
4. ^'hashcat v3.00'. Hashcat. Hashcat project. 29 June 2016.
5. ^'Recent Developments in Password Cracking'. Passwords. Bruce Schneier. 19 September 2012.
6. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
7. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
8. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
9. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
10. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
11. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
12. ^https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat#supported_attack_modes
13. ^'PRINCE: modern password guessing algorithm'(PDF). Hashcat site. Hashcat. 8 December 2014.
14. ^Team Hashcat
15. ^''Crack Me If You Can' - DEFCON 2010'. contest-2010.korelogic.com. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
16. ^'Crack Me If You Can 2014 Contest'. KoreLogic Security.
17. ^'Another trophy in the Pocket! Win @ CMIYC contest 2015'. hashcat.net. Retrieved 21 July 2020.

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Talk: Confessions of a crypto cluster operator based on oclHashcat at Derbycon 2015
• Talk: Hashcat state of the union at Derbycon 2016

Converters, also called ISRUs (In Situ Resource Utilization), are special parts able to make fuel from raw-material. Specifically, they consume ore stored in an ore tank to make liquid fuel, oxidizer or monopropellant, requiring empty space available in an appropriate type of fuel tank. Conversion also consumes a large amount of electric charge and requires active radiator cooling to run continuously at a reasonable rate.

Producing fuel aboard a craft with a converter can allow it to have effectively unlimited delta-v, by refuelling repeatedly, so greatly extending mission range and flexibility. Conversion will generally follow, or run concurrently with, resource harvesting, with drills extracting ore from a celestial body or asteroid. On planets or moons, this will generally have been proceeded by use of resource scanners to find a location with a sufficiently high ore concentration. Although craft can also be launched pre-loaded with ore.

There is a large difference between the two converter types in the base conversion rates and ore-to-fuel ratio, with a 1:2 for the 250 and a pitiful 10:2 for the 125^[1], though the ratio per type is always the same. Conversion rate and electricity use are also very variable, being greatly effected by 'thermal efficiency' (determined by the current core temperature) and by the presence and level of an engineer aboard the craft.

Converters available

Usage

Conversion is initiated by selecting one or more of the options from a converter's action menu (via right clicking on the part), or bounding to an action group:

• Start/Stop ISRU [Lf+Ox] - converts to liquid fuel and oxidizer in ratio of the need of the liquid fuel engines.
• Start/Stop ISRU [Monoprop] - converts to monopropellant.
• Start/Stop ISRU [LqdFuel] - converts to liquid fuel.
• Start/Stop ISRU [Ox] - converts to oxidizer.

There must be available ore on the craft, in an ore tank that is not locked, and also space available in a fuel tank of the fuel type being produced. 'Lf+Ox' mode requires space for both fuel types.

Once activated, the core temperature of a converter will rise from ambient, warming up towards 100% optimal thermal efficiency at 1000K. Radiator core cooling, if available, will then begin transferring surplus heat from the core to maintain this temperature, as much as is permitted. If cooling is insufficient (always the case for the 125) the core temperature will continue to rise, eventually settling into thermodynamic balance, as heat production falls off again with decreasing thermal efficiency and passive heat dissipation to other parts and surroundings runs faster at higher temperatures. If there is no active cooling at all, the core will eventually reach the part's shut down temperature, and turn off all conversion modes, requiring manual restart.

Note that for unmanned probes (or if no engineer is on board) converter speed maxes out at 5% of nominal efficiency once you are at optimum temperature. So as an example: a Convert-O-Tron 250 set to produce Liquid Fuel will produce about .05 fuel/sec and use about 2 electric charge/sec

If electric charge on the craft is depleted the converter will stop, but then continue automatically when charge becomes available again. (Note: converters may even take priority over probe cores in a situation of inadequate electrical supply, potentially creating a deadlock where the converter can not be disabled due to limited craft control when unmanned command pods are unpowered, if there are no Kerbonauts available.)

As with drills, converters are able to run in the background, while their craft is not loaded, after switching to distant craft (or back to the KSC). Upon resuming control of the craft it will appear as if the converter had continued running, with the appropriate amount of ore consumed and fuel created. However, no charge is consumed, or cooling required (which may be exploitable).

Changes

• ISRU renamed to Convert-O-Tron 250.
• Mini-ISRU part added: Convert-O-Tron 125.

• ISRU added.

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